3 Trading Horizons Of Options Trading

Have you ever lost money trading stock options?

Chances are good that you tried to apply the 3 trading horizons of stock trading to options trading and then got yourself hurt real bad.

There are 3 time horizons or what we call trading horizons in stock trading and they are; Long Term, Mid Term and Short Term. Long term horizon in stock trading means the buying and holding of stocks for 3 to 5 years, or sometimes longer. This is ideal for value investing in the long term prospects of a company. Mid term investing in stock trading is the buying and holding of stocks for 6 months to a year or two. Most stock investors use a mid term view to invest in new growth stocks which are expected to perform well in the immediate year. Short term investing in stock trading is the buying and holding of stocks for 3 to 6 months. These are stocks of companies that are expected to make a breakthrough in their industries. However, do these notions of investing apply in options trading? Not at all!

The truth is this: Stock Options are derivative instruments that have very short contractual lives! In fact, the longest expiration for exchange traded stock options rarely exceed 1 year! On top of that, the extrinsic value, or what we call time value, built into every stock options contract decays as expiration draws nearer, diminishing the value of your options even if the underlying stock remain stagnant. Due to these characteristics, stock options are trading instruments, not investing instruments, and have much shorter trading horizons than if you trade stocks. This is also why options trading is associated so closely with technical analysis these days because technical analysis is extremely useful in identifying short term trends or reversal of trends.

So, how is the long term, mid term and short term trading horizon defined for options trading?

In Options Trading, long term horizon is the buying of options with expiration of up to 1 year in order to speculate a long term rally or ditch in the underlying stock. Typically, long term charts on monthly time periods are used to identify such trends. Mid term horizon is the buying and holding of monthly options all the way to their expiration, each trade lasting no more than a month. Charts on weekly time periods are particularly useful for identifying mid term trading opportunities. Short term horizon lasts from 3 to 15 days in order to speculate a quick short term surge or ditch in the underlying stock and typically uses short term daily time period charts to identify trading opportunities.

From the above definitions, it is clear that stock options, as a short term trading or hedging instrument, is useless for anyone who is investing in the long term horizon defined for stock trading. Therefore, before you decide to completely replace your stock investing with options trading, first decide if trading stock options allow you to trade the way you always have with stocks. If it doesn’t, it is time for you to either stick with stock investing or learn a trading system which is perfectly suited for options trading.



By Jason Ng


Jason Ng is the Founder and Chief Option Strategist of Masters 'O' Equity Asset Management ( MastersoEquity.com ) and author of OptionTradingPedia.com . He is a fund manager specializing in options trading and his revolutionary Star Trading System has helped thousands.

3 Reasons Why Stocks Move

For years, I have been asked this same question over and over again, “Why does stocks move?”.

For most people, the reason why stocks move has been a mystery. In fact, there are people who believed that someone is controlling these movements behind the scene playing against them! There are even people who believe that stocks move mainly due to good fundamentals. Well, look at it this way, if there is this big institution playing against you and taking all your money away from you, why aren’t all the financial institutions making money year after year? Why are so many funds closed down every year? If stocks move just because the business fundamentals are good and that the business makes sense, then why do good stocks fall at all?

The truth is this; stocks do not move based on what is happening in the world right now but based on expectations of future events! These expectations create a temporary imbalance in the number of buyers and sellers, moving prices. When there are more buyers and fewer sellers, sellers will hold off selling until prices have been bid up higher. When there are more sellers than buyers, sellers will continuously lower their asking price in order to entice buyers to pick up their stocks. Those dynamics create the ups and downs in the stock market.

What do “expectations” in the stock market really mean? To put it simply, you would avoid driving along a road that is expected to be congested, right? You wouldn’t go all the way down the road and see the congestion before deciding what to do, will you? That is the same decision making dynamic in the stock markets. The real issue here is what kind of expectations drives that temporary imbalance in the number of buyers and sellers which moves stock prices? That brings us to the 3 reasons why stock prices move at all.

Reason 1: Earnings Expectation

Have you ever wondered why a lot of stocks actually fall after releasing good earnings? Well, that’s because along with every earnings release comes earnings guidance! Earnings guidance is the estimated earnings for the following quarter. If the next quarter is guided lower and the stock is expected to fall when the time comes, wouldn’t you start selling today while prices are still high? That’s the same theory behind the congested road scenario mentioned above. Similarly, if earnings guidance is great, the stock continues to move higher. This is what the stock market call “pricing in” the future earnings.

Reason 2: Dividends Expectation

Dividends are an extremely important reason to own stocks. For stocks that never pay a dividend, this is not really a concern but for stocks which have been paying a steady dividend, changes in the expected dividends yield can cast doubts on the future profitability of the company, thus resulting in a sell off today. Similarly, if expectations of future dividends are raised, future profitability of the company can be expected to be better, resulting in a rally today.

Reason 3: How Much Investor Are Willing To Pay For Those Earnings & Dividends

Yes, now that you know that earnings expectations and dividends expectations creates the conditions by which stock prices might change, the only question which remains is how much would such a change be? Just as you might wish to pay a different price for your burger down the street under different economic conditions, the amount of money investors are willing to pay for future earnings and dividends also differ under different economic conditions. When the economy is looking upbeat and everyone’s optimistic, you might be willing to pay a higher price for the same expected future earnings. Conversely, when the economy is looking sour and everyone’s pessimistic, you might want to pay a lower price for that same earnings outlook. All these are reflected in what the stock market call “multiples” or the full name being “Price Earnings Multiples” or “PE ratio”. The PE ratio tells you how many times above earnings is the current stock price and represents the amount of money investors are willing to pay for that earnings outlook. Under good economic conditions, investors may be willing to pay up to 100 times earnings while bad economic conditions may justify only a 50 times earnings.

When times are good and higher prices are justified for the same earnings, the stock market is in a period of “Multiples Expansion”. Conversely, when times are bad and lower prices are warranted for those same earnings, we call it a period of “Multiples Contraction”. Understanding which period the stock market is in will result in tremendous profitability trading stock options which can profit both ways.

These 3 factors interact in the minds of traders and investors all the time. Sometimes when earnings guidance is higher for the next quarter in a poor economic condition, stock prices might still fall as investors may be willing to pay only a much lesser price for that earnings. So, next time you try to make sense of why stocks are moving the way they are, think in terms of these 3 factors and you will definitely see the light.




by Jason Ng

Jason Ng is the Founder and Chief Option Strategist of Masters 'O' Equity Asset Management ( MastersoEquity.com ) and author of a free Options Trading education site . He is a fund manager specializing in options trading and his revolutionary Star Trading System has helped thousands.

stock market

FUNDAMENTAL ANALYSISThe Dow closed marginally lower on rising oil prices and rising unemployment. The oil bull continued its charge towards the $60 line today to close slightly above $59. The cold weather and the OPEC production cuts are definitely the main mover of oil prices and with its current velocity, it will not be a surprise to see oil above $60 once again next week. Let's not forget that we are in a period where oil prices tend to be higher than usual over the years. I would say a more accurate picture of oil price should emerge only after the winter chills. Companies also put on less jobs than usual, resulting in rising unemployment. Even though that could be interpreted as a sign of weakness in the economy, I do not think it has such a big impact on the stock markets. What we saw today was probably just a small shakeup from investors in the Depression Worry camp as advancers still led decliners for the day and the Nasdaq composite ended higher regardlessly. Let's not forget that most investors are still in the Inflation Worry camp, not the Depression Worry camp. With hourly earnings rising just 0.2%, the Fed's concern over inflationary wages are eased for now, as investors in the Inflation Worry camp smiles. Even though oil prices are expected to continue its bullishness next week, I do not foresee that being an event that can shake the bullishness that is in the markets as the economy comes to a soft landing as most investors hoped.TECHNICAL ANALYSISIt seems like these days, the Dow is more and more eager to form another step in its staircase formation as soon as new historical highs are made. With the Dow at short term overbought condition, it's not surprising to see it go down slightly before rising up to new historical highs. Traders who are utterly confused with all the staircase formation talk in the Dow so far and wants a simpler way to trade the Dow for the mid to long term, an easier way will be to monitor its 30 days simple moving average. As a rule of thumb, as long as its 30 MA is rising, you can continue to go long on the Dow. When the Dow close below the 30MA, it is time to hold and when the 30 MA is pointing down, it is time to sell and go short. With the Dow making very short bursts and retreats, it is almost impossible to momentum trade or short term swing trade the Dow. The Nasdaq composite continues to rise slowly and steadily as it lingers just slightly off its short term overbought region. With the 2500 resistance level looming just ahead and oil prices continuing its bullishness, driving the energy sector on, the undercurrent is strong for Nasdaq to make a break through this time.